#A glims of hope plus#

Cependant, une nouvelle variГ©tГ© utopique vit le jour dans les annГ©esВ 1980 etВ 1990В : la dystopie critique. Mais la domination du nГ©o-libГ©ralisme a emportГ© les espoirs renouvelГ©s de lвЂ™utopie.

#A glims of hope plus#

Dans lвЂ™enthousiasme caractГ©ristique des annГ©esВ 1970, des textes utopiques critiques ranimГЁrent lвЂ™espoir dвЂ™un monde meilleur dans le cadre dвЂ™une approche plus complexe qui substituait lвЂ™ambiguГЇtГ© et lвЂ™introspection au perfectionnisme utopique. La littГ©rature fantastique et spГ©culative a reflГ©tГ© cette tendance en passant de lвЂ™utopie Г la dystopie. Le xx eВ siГЁcle a montrГ© que la rГ©alisation des programmes utopiques nourrit frГ©quemment le totalitarisme. Chris CarlssonвЂ™s After the Deluge (2004), Neal StephensonвЂ™s Anathem (2008), and Margaret KilljoyвЂ™s AВ Country of Ghosts (2014). This glimpse of hope also characterizes ambiguously utopian science fiction texts of the new millennium, e.g. But their utopian desire is not completely futile. Novels like Kim Stanley RobinsonвЂ™s The Gold Coast (1988), Marge PiercyвЂ™s He, She and It (1991), and Octavia E.В ButlerвЂ™s Parable of the Sower (1993) depict horrible capitalist dystopian societies that almost crush the emancipatory hopes of resistance groups. But a new kind of utopian text emerged in the 1980s and 1990s: the critical dystopia. But neo-liberalism prevailed and other utopian hopes declined again. In the hopeful 1970s, critical utopian texts revived the hope for a better world in a more complex fashion that replaced perfectionism with ambiguity and self-reflection. Fantastic, speculative literature mirrored this by turning from utopia to dystopia.

The 20th century demonstrated that the realization of utopian plans often fosters totalitarianism.